In this study, we conducted in vitro experiments
to examine the interaction between ethanol and CA at high concentrations by observing mixed-function oxidation reaction using
human liver microsomes. After incubation of the mixtures, CA and its three main metabolites theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine,
TB), paraxanthine (1,7-dimethylxanthine, PX), and theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine, TP) were measured by high-performance
liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. As results, the production of PX, the main metabolite of CA, was consistently
inhibited by 24%–53% (P < 0.05) by high ethanol concentrations (20, 40, and 60 mM), but that of TP or TB was not. These results suggest that pharmacological
or toxicological effects of CA may be enhanced by simultaneous use of ethanol ...